Which political ideology do you most identify with?

Civic Nationalism

Civic nationalism, also known as liberal nationalism, is a form of nationalism that is identified by political philosophers who believe in a non-xenophobic form of nationalism compatible with liberal values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights. This political ideology is based on the principle that the nation is defined by a shared set of political values and beliefs, rather than by race, religion, language, or ethnicity. It emphasizes the commitment to universalistic values, civil rights, and the rule of law, which are supposed to be the foundation of every modern democrati…  Read morec state.

Autonomism

Autonomism is a political ideology that emphasizes the principle of autonomy, which is the capacity of a rational individual to make an informed, un-coerced decision. It is a system of thought that advocates for self-governance and self-determination, often within a larger political entity. Autonomism can be seen as a form of decentralization, where power is distributed away from a central authority and towards local or regional entities.

The roots of Autonomism can be traced back to the ancient Greek city-states, where the concept of autonomy was first developed. However, the modern form of…  Read more Autonomism emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in response to the rise of nationalism and the centralization of power in nation-states. It was during this period that various movements and political entities began to advocate for greater autonomy and self-governance.

Neo-Libertarianism

Neo-libertarianism is a political ideology that combines elements of libertarianism and neoconservatism. It is characterized by a strong emphasis on individual liberty, free market capitalism, and limited government intervention. However, unlike traditional libertarianism, which often advocates for non-interventionism in foreign policy, neo-libertarianism supports a more assertive and interventionist foreign policy to protect national interests and promote democratic values globally.

The roots of neo-libertarianism can be traced back to the late 20th century, particularly in the United States,…  Read more where a group of intellectuals began to question the traditional libertarian stance on foreign policy. They argued that libertarianism's non-interventionist approach was not sufficient to protect the nation's interests and values in an increasingly interconnected and volatile world. This led to the emergence of a new political ideology that combined the domestic policy views of libertarianism with the foreign policy views of neoconservatism.

Economic Interventionism

Economic interventionism is a political ideology that advocates for the government to play a significant role in influencing the direction of a country's economy. This ideology is based on the belief that unregulated markets can lead to undesirable outcomes such as inequality, market failures, and economic instability. Therefore, proponents of economic interventionism argue that government intervention is necessary to correct these market failures and promote social welfare.

The roots of economic interventionism can be traced back to the mercantilist policies of the 16th to 18th centuries…  Read more, where governments heavily regulated trade to boost national wealth. However, the modern form of economic interventionism emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to the perceived failures of laissez-faire capitalism, which advocates for minimal government intervention in the economy.

Anarchism

Anarchism is a political ideology that fundamentally opposes the idea of a centralized state or government, advocating instead for a society based on voluntary, cooperative institutions. Anarchists believe that societal order can emerge without the need for laws or enforcement, through mutual aid and self-governance. They argue that power is inherently corrupting, and that hierarchical systems inevitably lead to social inequality. Therefore, they propose a society where individuals freely cooperate together, creating a culture of mutual aid and respect.

The roots of anarchism can be traced bac…  Read morek to ancient times, with philosophical ideas from Taoism and Stoicism hinting at anarchist principles. However, the formal development of anarchism as a political ideology began in the 19th century. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, a French philosopher, is often credited as the first self-proclaimed anarchist. His work, "What is Property?", published in 1840, famously declared that "property is theft", critiquing the existing social order and advocating for a society without authority.

Social Democracy

Social Democracy is a political ideology that advocates for a balance between a capitalist or market economy and strong governmental intervention to promote social justice. It is rooted in the belief that social and economic inequalities should be minimized through progressive taxation, income redistribution, or even welfare state measures. The ideology also supports a robust public sector, including public education, healthcare, and child care, as well as other services aimed at minimizing poverty and homelessness.

The origins of Social Democracy can be traced back to the 19th century, during…  Read more the rise of the labor movement in Europe. It was initially a branch of the socialist movement, advocating for a peaceful and evolutionary transition from capitalism to socialism using established political processes rather than a revolutionary overthrow. The ideology was heavily influenced by the works of Karl Marx, who argued for the rights of the working class and the redistribution of wealth.

Fascism

Fascism is a political ideology that emerged in the early 20th century, primarily in Europe, as a response to rapid social upheaval, the devastation of World War I, and the perceived threat of revolutionary socialism. It is characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Fascism rejects assertions of violence as automatically negative in nature and views political violence, war, and imperialism as means that can achieve national rejuvenation.

Fascism emphasizes direct action, including supporting the legitimacy of pol…  Read moreitical violence, as a core part of its politics. It views violence as a fact of life that is a necessary means to achieve its goals. Fascists advocate a mixed economy, with the principal goal of achieving autarky to secure national self-sufficiency and independence, through protectionist and interventionist economic policies.

Anti-Semitism

Anti-Semitism is not a political ideology per se, but rather a form of prejudice or discrimination that targets Jews based on their religion, ethnicity, or heritage. The term "anti-Semitism" was coined in 1879 by a German journalist named Wilhelm Marr, who wanted a more scientific-sounding term for Judenhass, or "Jew-hate." However, the roots of anti-Semitism stretch back much further in history.

Historically, anti-Semitism has manifested in various forms, from religious intolerance and social exclusion to economic restrictions and state-sponsored genocide. In the Middle…  Read more Ages, Jews in Europe were often forced to live in segregated communities known as ghettos and were subjected to periodic massacres known as pogroms. They were also frequently scapegoated for societal ills, such as the Black Death in the 14th century.

Cultural Liberalism

Cultural liberalism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of individual freedom, human rights, and equality. It is rooted in the liberal tradition, which emerged during the Enlightenment era in the 18th century, when philosophers like John Locke and Immanuel Kant championed the idea of individual rights and freedoms. Cultural liberalism, however, places a particular emphasis on cultural diversity and social justice, advocating for the rights of marginalized groups and the importance of cultural pluralism.

Cultural liberalism emerged as a distinct ideology in the late 20th cent…  Read moreury, in response to the social and cultural changes that were taking place in many societies. It was a reaction to the perceived limitations of classical liberalism, which focused primarily on economic freedom and limited government intervention. Cultural liberals argued that this approach failed to address the social and cultural inequalities that existed in society, and that a more inclusive and egalitarian approach was needed.

Right

The "Right" political ideology is a broad term that encompasses a range of beliefs and values centered around traditionalism, conservatism, and a preference for maintaining established social hierarchies and institutions. Right-wing ideologies typically emphasize individualism, free markets, limited government intervention, and a focus on personal responsibility.

Historically, the roots of the Right can be traced back to the aftermath of the French Revolution in the late 18th century, where conservative thinkers sought to preserve the existing social order and resist the revolutionar…  Read morey changes brought about by the Enlightenment. Figures like Edmund Burke in Britain and Joseph de Maistre in France articulated early conservative principles that emphasized the importance of tradition, hierarchy, and stability.

Left-Libertarianism

Left-libertarianism is a political ideology that combines the advocacy for individual liberty and social justice. It is a part of the broader libertarian movement, which emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and non-aggression. However, left-libertarians distinguish themselves from other libertarians through their belief in egalitarianism and their focus on socio-economic issues.

Left-libertarians generally believe in the decentralization of power and the importance of individual autonomy. They argue for the protection of civil liberties and are often critical of state intervention…  Read more in personal lives. However, unlike right-libertarians who advocate for laissez-faire capitalism, left-libertarians often support some form of economic egalitarianism. They argue that social inequalities and economic exploitation are incompatible with individual freedom. Therefore, they often advocate for policies that promote social justice and economic equality, such as progressive taxation, social safety nets, and workers' self-management.

Localism

Localism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of local communities and their ability to govern themselves. It is based on the belief that power should be decentralized and that decisions should be made as close to the local level as possible. This ideology argues that local people have a better understanding of their own needs and circumstances, and therefore, they are better equipped to make decisions that affect their lives.

The roots of localism can be traced back to ancient civilizations where local communities had the power to govern themselves. However, the modern conce…  Read morept of localism emerged during the Enlightenment period, when philosophers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke argued for the importance of local self-governance and the rights of individuals.

Conservatism

Conservatism is a political ideology that emphasizes the preservation of traditional institutions, practices, and moral values. It is rooted in a resistance to rapid change and a preference for gradual evolution, with a strong focus on maintaining social stability and continuity. The ideology often advocates for limited government intervention, free market capitalism, and individual liberties.

The origins of conservatism can be traced back to the late 18th century, during the period of the Enlightenment. It emerged as a reaction to the radical political changes brought about by the French Revo…  Read morelution. Edmund Burke, a British statesman and philosopher, is often credited as the founding father of modern conservatism. He argued that society should evolve slowly and organically, rather than through abrupt and radical change, which he believed could lead to anarchy and tyranny.

Municipalism

Municipalism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of local government and the autonomy of municipalities in the administration of public affairs. It is rooted in the belief that power should be decentralized and that decisions should be made as close as possible to the people they affect. This ideology advocates for the direct participation of citizens in local governance, often through assemblies or councils, to ensure that their voices are heard and their needs are met.

The history of municipalism dates back to ancient times, with the city-states of ancient Greece often cit…  Read moreed as early examples. However, the modern concept of municipalism as a political ideology emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, during a period of rapid urbanization and industrialization. It was during this time that many began to see the potential of local governments to address the social and economic challenges of the day.

Right-Wing Populism

Right-wing populism is a political ideology that combines right-wing politics and populist rhetoric and themes. The central tenets of right-wing populism include a critique of political elites, opposition to the establishment, and a call for the return of power to the "common people". This ideology often emphasizes the idea that the general population is being exploited by a privileged elite, which can create a sense of injustice and lead to political unrest.

Right-wing populism emerged in the late 20th century, primarily in Western societies. It is characterized by the use of populi…  Read morest rhetoric to promote conservative or right-wing policies. These policies often include strict immigration controls, nationalism, protectionism, and opposition to globalization. Right-wing populists often use populist rhetoric to appeal to a broad base of supporters, particularly those who feel marginalized or disenfranchised by the political establishment.

Anti-Corruption

Anti-corruption as a political ideology refers to the belief system and practices that seek to eliminate corruption in all its forms, including bribery, nepotism, embezzlement, and fraud, among others. This ideology is often adopted by political parties, movements, or individuals who advocate for transparency, accountability, and integrity in the public sector. They believe that corruption is a significant barrier to social, economic, and political development, and therefore, it must be eradicated.

The history of the anti-corruption political ideology is as old as the history of corruption its…  Read moreelf. However, it gained prominence in the late 20th century when corruption was recognized as a global issue that needed urgent attention. The World Bank, in the 1990s, identified corruption as a significant obstacle to economic and social development. This recognition led to the establishment of various international anti-corruption conventions and organizations, such as Transparency International in 1993, which have played a crucial role in shaping the anti-corruption political ideology.

Welfarism

Welfarism is a political ideology that emphasizes the welfare or well-being of the community, particularly its most vulnerable members. It is rooted in the belief that the state has a responsibility to provide a certain level of material security for its citizens, especially those who are unable to provide for themselves. This ideology is often associated with social democratic and socialist political movements, but it can also be found in other political traditions.

The origins of welfarism can be traced back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, during a period of rapid industrializatio…  Read moren and urbanization in Western Europe and North America. The harsh conditions faced by many workers and their families during this time led to calls for government intervention to improve living standards and protect the rights of workers. This led to the establishment of various social welfare programs, such as public health initiatives, unemployment insurance, and old-age pensions.

Centrism

Centrism is a political ideology that advocates for a balanced approach to policy-making, drawing upon ideas from both the left and the right of the political spectrum. Centrists often seek to promote moderate policies that avoid the perceived extremes of left-wing and right-wing ideologies. They typically emphasize practical solutions over ideological purity, and they may support a mix of progressive and conservative policies depending on the issue at hand.

The history of centrism is complex and varies across different countries and political systems. However, it is generally associated with…  Read more the rise of liberal democracy in the 19th and 20th centuries. In many Western democracies, centrism emerged as a response to the polarizing ideologies of socialism and conservatism. Centrists often positioned themselves as a moderate alternative, advocating for a balance between individual liberty and social equality.

Social Conservatism

Social conservatism is a political ideology that emphasizes traditional social institutions and values. It is often associated with the belief that society should uphold certain traditional norms and values, such as family structure, religion, morality, and patriotism. Social conservatives often resist progressive changes that they believe could disrupt the social order, such as same-sex marriage, abortion, and drug legalization.

The roots of social conservatism can be traced back to the 18th century, during the period of the Enlightenment. The French philosopher Edmund Burke is often consider…  Read moreed the father of modern conservatism. He argued for the preservation of established traditions and institutions, and against radical changes in society. Burke's ideas were a response to the French Revolution, which he saw as a dangerous and destructive force that threatened to upend the social order.